How to Set Up CCTV Cameras Correctly: Ensuring Optimal Viewing and Identification
Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems are key for security and forensic analysis. To work best, cameras need to be set up right. They should match the purpose, like detection or identification.
This article will show you how to set up CCTV cameras right. It also covers the main differences between surveillance levels.
- Understanding the Four Levels of CCTV Identification
1.1. Detection
Purpose: Finds if something or someone is there.
Example Use Case: For alerting when someone moves in or out.
Camera Requirements: Needs wide view, low resolution, and a general look.
Field of View: Covers a lot but shows little detail.
1.2. Observation
Purpose: Watches general activity but doesn’t identify details.
Example Use Case: Watching a crowd in a mall.
Camera Requirements: Needs moderate resolution and smart placement.
Field of View: Shows movement but lacks detail.
1.3. Recognition
Purpose: Knows known faces when you have pictures beforehand.
Example Use Case: Watching employees in restricted areas.
Camera Requirements: High resolution, good lighting, and clear facial features.
Field of View: Shows clear faces of people you know.
1.4. Identification
Purpose: Gives detailed images for forensic use, like facial recognition.
Example Use Case: Bank cameras catching robbers’ faces.
Camera Requirements: High-resolution cameras, proper lighting, and the right spot.
Field of View: Shows close-up images with clear details. - How to Set Up CCTV Cameras Correctly
2.1. Camera Placement & Field of View
Detection Cameras: Put at entry points, wide open spaces, and perimeters.
Observation Cameras: Mount at a moderate height, covering hallways or large rooms.
Recognition Cameras: Position at building entrances, office corridors, and cash registers.
Identification Cameras: Use close-range angles for doorways, cash points, and critical access areas.
Key Tip: The angle and distance from the subject affect detail capture.
2.2. Camera Height & Angle
Height: For identification, mount cameras at 1.5m – 2.5m (eye level). For general surveillance, place
cameras higher.
Angle: Avoid extreme angles—direct front or slight tilt downward is best for identification.
2.3. Lighting Considerations
Avoid backlighting that causes silhouetting (where a subject appears as a dark shadow).
Use infrared (IR) cameras for night vision.
Ensure consistent lighting in critical areas to capture clear images.
2.4. Resolution and Lens Selection
Wide-angle lenses (e.g., 2.8mm): Best for detection and observation.
Medium focal length lenses (e.g., 6mm-12mm): Best for recognition.
Telephoto lenses (e.g., 25mm+): Best for identification (license plates, facial details).
2.5. Storage and Retention
Choose NVR (Network Video Recorder) or DVR (Digital Video Recorder) based on system type.
Ensure sufficient storage to retain footage for legal or security purposes.
Consider cloud backup for redundancy.
2.6. Network & Remote Viewing
Use secure networks to prevent hacking.
Set up remote access via mobile apps.
Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for access control. - Conclusion: Setting Up CCTV for Maximum Effectiveness
Setting up CCTV cameras right means knowing the difference between detection, observation, recognition, and identification. It’s important to pick the right spot, lens, resolution, and lighting. This way, your system will work well to keep your place safe.